Film is very common in nature. For example, the bubble surface film, the surface of oil droplets will form a so-called thin-film optical effects, and it will separate light colors. In some biological species, there will be a special film structure formation.

For example, the eyes of some nocturnal animals within the tapetum lucidum(such as dogs, sharks, cat). The wings of bee and dragonfly, is a thin film formation also.

There are two main optical thin film research, thin film optics and thin film deposition (or coating) technology. Thin-film optics is a branch of physical optics, the main structure of thin films of different materials, the effects of light. Human beings can see the thin film optics, mainly membrane film thickness reaches a certain thickness, the energy intensity of the visible spectrum of light, do different levels of interference resulting increase or decrease. This interference phenomenon is the refractive index of light through different materials (air, film, glass substrate) is generated.

Thin film optics is the light penetration between different materials (incident) when the interference phenomena. When the light through film, it features there are many changes. For example, transmittance, reflectance, absorption, scattering, polarization, phase and other changes. It is based on the physical theory of electromagnetic wave theory can be used to explain the interference phenomenon. By Maxwell's equations (Maxwell equation), Zinc oxide can explain the light passes through different materials, because the refractive index change for a variety of phenomena.

As a full electromagnetic wave theory has to explain the basic theory of optical thin films, and therefore the current academic research, are placed on the application of thin film optics.

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